• • • The Gospel of Judas is a whose content consists of conversations between and. It is thought to have been composed in the second century by Christians, not by the antagonist Judas, since it contains late-2nd-century theology. The only copy of it known to exist is a text that has been to AD 280, plus or minus 60 years. It has been suggested that the text derives from an earlier version. A translation of the text was first published in early 2006 by the.

In contrast to the, which paint Judas as a betrayer who delivered Jesus to the authorities for crucifixion in exchange for money, the Gospel of Judas portrays Judas's actions as done in obedience to instructions given to him by Jesus of Nazareth. It does not claim that the other knew about Jesus's true teachings.

On the contrary, it asserts that they had not learned the true Gospel, which Jesus taught only to Judas Iscariot, the sole follower belonging to the 'holy generation' among the disciples. First page of the Gospel of Judas (Page 33 of ) A leather-bound Coptic language papyrus document that surfaced during the 1970s, near Beni Masar,, was named the after an antiquities dealer, Frieda Nussberger-Tchacos, who became concerned about the deteriorating condition of the manuscript. First translated in the early 2000s, the codex contains text that appears to be from the late 2nd century, and includes the self-titled ' Gospel of Judas.'

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( Euangelion Ioudas) which relates the story of 's death from the viewpoint of Judas. The manuscript was 'between the third and fourth centuries', [ ] according to, a carbon-dating expert at the 's physics center, and described by the National Geographic as being from AD 280, plus or minus 60 years. Today the manuscript is in over a thousand pieces, with many sections missing due to poor handling and storage.

Some passages are only scattered words; others contain many lines. According to, the originally contained 31 pages, with writing on both sides; however, when it came to the market in 1999, only 13 pages remained. It is speculated that individual pages had been removed and sold.

[ ] It has also been speculated, on the basis of concerning features of dialect and Greek, that the Coptic text contained in the codex may be a translation from an older Greek manuscript dating, at the earliest, to approximately AD 130–170. Cited in support is the reference to a “Gospel of Judas” by the early Christian writer, who, in arguing against Gnosticism, called the text a 'fictitious history'. However, it is uncertain whether the text mentioned by Irenaeus is in fact the same text as the Coptic “Gospel of Judas” found in the Codex Tchachos. Levine, who was on the team of scholars responsible for unveiling the work, said that the Gospel of Judas contains no new historical information concerning Jesus or Judas, but that the text is helpful in reconstructing the history of Gnosticism, especially in the Coptic-speaking areas.

Content [ ] Overview [ ] The Gospel of Judas consists of 16 chapters which document Jesus's teaching about spiritual matters and cosmology. Judas is the only one of Jesus's disciples who accurately understands the words of his master. This Gospel contains few narrative elements; essentially, the Gospel records how Judas was taught by Jesus the true meaning of his message. The Gospel contains ideas which contradicted those circulating in the early Christian church. The author argues that God is essentially a 'luminous cloud of light' who exists in an imperishable realm. Adamas, the spiritual father of all humanity, was created in God's image and dwelled in the imperishable realm.

At the beginning of time, God created a group of angels and lower gods. Twelve angels were willed to 'come into being [to] rule over chaos and the [underworld].'

The angels of creation were tasked with creating a physical body for Adamas, which became known as the first man Adam. Gradually, humanity began to forget its divine origins and some of Adam's descendants (Cain and Abel) became embroiled in the world's first murder. Many humans came to think that the imperfect physical universe was the totality of creation, losing their knowledge of God and the imperishable realm.

Jesus was sent as the Son of the true God, not of one of the lesser gods. His mission was to show that salvation lies in connecting with the God within the. Through embracing the internal God, the man can then return to the imperishable realm. Eleven of the disciples Jesus chose to spread his message misunderstood the central tenets of His teaching. They were obsessed with the physical world of the senses. They continued to practise religious animal sacrifice, which pleased the lower gods but did not help to foster a connection with the true God. They wrongly taught that those martyred in the name of Christ would be bodily resurrected.

In contrast, Jesus is able to teach Judas the true meaning of his life, ministry and death. Mankind can be divided into two races, or groups.

Those who are furnished with the immortal, like Judas, can come to know the God within and enter the imperishable realm when they die. Those who belong to the same generation of the other eleven disciples cannot enter the realm of God and will die both spiritually and physically at the end of their lives. As practices that are intertwined with the physical world, animal sacrifice and a communion ceremony centered around cannibalism (the symbolic consumption of Jesus' flesh and blood) are condemned as abhorrent. Death is seen not as a glorious event but simply as a way to escape the perishable realm of the flesh. Of crucial importance is the author's understanding of Jesus' death.

The other Gospels argue that Jesus had to die in order to atone for the sins of humanity. The author of Judas expresses the view that this sort of substitutionary justice pleases the lower gods and angels. The true God is gracious and thus does not demand any sacrifice. As a Gnostic text [ ] Pagels and King argue that a more nuanced, contextualized understanding of alternative interpretations of the Christian tradition should inform discussions of Gnosticism.

In the centuries following Jesus's death, many differing views of the meaning of his life and death existed. The views which came to be summarized in the doctrines contained in the ) existed alongside various cults (one of which was labelled 'Gnosticism') for centuries, until the Nicenian interpretation became accepted as 'mainstream' Christianity. Before the discovery of so-called Gnostic texts (such as the ), scholars had to rely solely on the reports of proto-Nicene church fathers for their understanding of alternative approaches to understanding Christianity. These reports were necessarily biased since they were written by people opposed to non-Nicene churches. Furthermore, study and analysis of original non-Nicene texts has shown that the church fathers sometimes oversimplified when writing about their doctrinal opponents. Access to texts such as the Gospel of Judas has allowed scholars to develop a much richer, more comprehensive understanding of non-Nicene movements. To blandly assert that the Gospel of Judas is a Gnostic text without qualifying this statement in some way does not make allowance for the variety and complexity of the 'heretical' movements.

The Gospel of Judas was condemned by in his anti-Gnostic work (Against Heresies), written in about 180. Despite this, The Gospel of Judas differs from other non-Nicene Gospels in several ways. Far from arguing that the physical body is a prison which needs to be escaped from, the Gospel of Judas portrays Jesus as able to leave his body at will and take on other forms, appearing to be a child. In the text, Jesus is shown leaving his body, journeying to the imperishable realm and returning to his body. Unlike other non-Nicene Gospels, the Gospel of Judas is in orientation in that Adam's son is seen as a spiritual ancestor. As in other Sethian documents, Jesus is equated with Seth: 'The first is Seth, who is called Christ'. Modern rediscovery [ ] The initial translation of the Gospel of Judas was widely publicized but simply confirmed the account that was written in Irenaeus and known Gnostic beliefs, leading some scholars to simply summarize the discovery as nothing new.

However, it is argued that a closer reading of the existent text, as presented in October 2006, shows Christianity in a new light. According to, for instance, Judas is portrayed as having a mission to hand Jesus over to the soldiers. She says that Bible translators have mistranslated the Greek word for 'handing over' to 'betrayal'. Like many Gnostic works, the Gospel of Judas refers to itself as a secret account, specifically 'The secret account of the revelation that Jesus spoke in conversation with Judas Iscariot.' The Gospel of Judas states that Jesus told Judas 'You shall be cursed for generations' and then added, 'You will come to rule over them' and 'You will exceed all of them, for you will sacrifice the man that clothes me.' Unlike the four canonical gospels, which employ narrative accounts of the last year of Jesus's life (in the case of, three years) and of his birth (in the case of Luke and Matthew), the Judas gospel takes the form of dialogues between Jesus and Judas, and Jesus and the twelve disciples, without being embedded in any narrative or worked into any overt or context. Such 'dialogue gospels' were popular during the early decades of Christianity and the New Testament apocrypha contains several examples, such as the.

Like the canonical gospels, the Gospel of Judas portrays the scribes as approaching Judas with the intention of arresting him, and Judas receiving money from them after handing Jesus over to them. But unlike Judas in the canonical gospels, who is portrayed as a villain, and excoriated by Jesus ('Alas for that man by whom the Son of Man is betrayed.

It would be better for that man if he had never been born, Metin2 Ro Hack Yang Free Download. ' trans. The New English Bible);, the Judas gospel portrays Judas as a divinely appointed instrument of a grand and predetermined purpose. 'In the last days they will curse your ascent to the holy (generation).'

Elsewhere in the manuscript, Jesus favours Judas above other disciples by saying, 'Step away from the others and I shall tell you the mysteries of the kingdom,' and 'Look, you have been told everything. Lift up your eyes and look at the cloud and the light within it and the stars surrounding it. The star that leads the way is your star.'

Rediscovery [ ]. • During the 2nd and 3rd centuries, various Christian sects composed texts which are loosely labeled; these texts, like those in the, are usually but not always “pseudeponymous”, i.e. Falsely attributed to a notable figure, such as an apostle, of an earlier era. [ ] • Only sections of papyrus containing no text were carbon-dated, because carbon dating is physically destructive. References [ ] Coptic text and English translation [ ] • (PDF) (in Coptic). Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society. Retrieved 2015-04-07.

• Kasser, Rodolphe; Meyer, Marvin Meyer; Wurst, Gregor, eds. Commentary by Bart D. Washington D.C.: National Geographic Society.. Retrieved 2015-04-07. Citations [ ].